The personal experiences of individual users found on online forums can be useful as indicators of wider trends but cannot be considered a reliable source of information. There is not sufficient evidence available on the long-term effects of these derivatives. JHW is known to convert to a number of different metabolites in the body and their effects on humans are not known. JWH is also thought to suppress certain enzymes, which may have an impact on the efficacy of certain medicines.
However, tests on animals have not shown any evidence of this. It should be noted that cannabis contains more than 90 different cannabinoids. Some of these block THC and may offer protection from some of the side effects of cannabis.
If the Spice substances containing JWH also include other active ingredients, the overall effect is made even more potent. JWH is stronger and more dangerous than cannabis and carries a significant risk of overdose.
Experienced cannabis users may misjudge their dose of JWH or Spice, causing them to overdose. The manufacturers may not provide complete details of what is contained in the products and JWH may still be found around the world. There is also significant variation in the concentrations found in Spice products. Synthetic cannabinoids represent an especially high risk to young users in particular, as their bodies are not yet fully developed.
Concomitant use with alcohol and other illicit drugs should be avoided. A number of Finnish young people were admitted to hospital in spring following JWH use. No deaths directly attributed to JWH alone have been reported. Animal studies suggest that extremely high doses may lead to respiratory depression, which can prove fatal. If JWH is used for recreational purposes, doses should be kept small to reduce the risk of overdose. In addition, users should leave sufficient time to allow the effects to occur before taking another dose.
Many users have reported taking subsequent doses too quickly, resulting in an overdose. In case of overdose, symptomatic treatment should be administered. The symptoms should pass with time. However, if they are unusually strong or persistent, emergency medical treatment should be sought. The study is claimed to have been carried out in the Netherlands in but the findings have not been published in any scientific journal. Skip to Content. Urgent Care. Featured Expert. Michalsky, MD Marcel J.
Kowatch, MD, Ph. Long, MD. This decrease is likely explained by a decrease in reporting rather than a decrease in actual use. New York and Alabama by far outpaced the rest of the states with most reported cases. The most common adverse reactions associated with synthetic cannabinoid use are tachycardia, agitation, and vomiting.
These and other mild-to-moderate signs and symptoms, which may include slurred speech and nystagmus, usually resolve in about 8 hours. Signs and symptoms of more serious, potentially life-threatening toxicity from synthetic cannabinoid toxicity have also been reported, including:. Research is ongoing Published synthetic cannabinoid research has greatly increased since Most publications and research on THC poisoning are coming out of ED and poison center surveillance reports.
EDs focus on illnesses requiring emergent treatment. Therefore, as long as EDs are the epicenter of research, effects of chronic synthetic cannabinoid use are unlikely to be addressed and remain an area of future research. Marijuana-related morbidity and mortality surveillance can be useful in tracking yet unknown long-term consequences of synthetic cannabinoid consumption. A sociological, epidemiologic, and economic analysis should be made of the relationship between synthetic cannabinoid use and natural marijuana use.
Another important area of research is to assess knowledge and practice gaps among nurses and other direct care providers of patients experiencing cannabinoid poisoning. A systematic review of adverse events arising from the use of synthetic cannabinoids and their associated treatment.
Clin Toxicol Phila. Hijacking of basic research: the case of synthetic cannabinoids. Fattore L, Fratta W. Beyond THC: the new generation of cannabinoid designer drugs. Front Behav Neurosci. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Drug facts: synthetic cannabinoids. Antoniou T, Juurlink DN. Synthetic cannabinoids. Notes from the field: increase in reported adverse health effects related to synthetic cannabinoid use-United States, January-May Top 10 facts you need to know about synthetic cannabinoids: not so nice spice.
Am J Med. Metabolism of classical cannabinoids and the synthetic cannabinoid JWH Clin Pharmacol Ther. Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications. Drug Alcohol Depend. Synthetic cannabinoids and spice drug profile. Marinol dronabinol capsules USP. Product insert. Cesamet nabilone capsules USP, for oral use. Featherstone S. Spike nation: cheap, unpredictable and hard to regulate, synthetic marijuana has emergency responders scrambling to save lives.
The New York Times Magazine. J Emerg Med. Pharmacological treatment of acquired QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. Br J Clin Pharmacol.
Ischemic stroke after use of the synthetic marijuana "spice. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis as a result of concomitant use of atypical neuroleptics and synthetic cannabinoids.
Case Rep Nephrol. Kazory A, Aiyer R. Synthetic marijuana and acute kidney injury: an unforeseen association. Clin Kidney J. J Mass Spectrom. Gaita P. Learn more about the criteria for addiction. Although the DEA has attempted to regulate the creation and distribution of Synthetic Marijuana, its biggest struggle has been staying ahead of the compounds that make up the drug. By slightly altering the chemical structure, Synthetic Marijuana distributors have been able to continue selling this dangerous drug.
As with any powerful drug, it is possible to become addicted to Synthetic Marijuana. Continuous users may experience withdrawal symptoms when trying to stop, and studies have shown even users who have bad experiences on the drug keep looking for more.
The withdrawal symptoms of Synthetic Marijuana are generally the same as those for Marijuana and include nausea, diarrhea, anxiety, anger, aggression, irritability, insomnia, decreased appetite, and cravings. Overcoming an addiction to Synthetic Marijuana can be accomplished through targeted behavioral therapies, counseling, and other proven treatments.
If you or someone you care about is struggling with Synthetic Marijuana abuse or addiction, contact a treatment provider for more information about treatment options. After graduation, he decided to pursue his passion of writing and editing.
All of the information on this page has been reviewed and verified by a certified addiction professional. Theresa is also a Certified Professional Life Coach and volunteers at a local mental health facility helping individuals who struggle with homelessness and addiction. Theresa is a well-rounded clinician with experience working as a Primary Addiction Counselor, Case Manager and Director of Utilization Review in various treatment centers for addiction and mental health in Florida, Minnesota, and Colorado.
She also has experience with admissions, marketing, and outreach. As a proud recovering addict herself, Theresa understands first-hand the struggles of addiction. There is no limit to what Theresa is willing to do to make a difference in the field of Addiction!
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